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Abstract
This essay aims to establish an approach to some of the existing epistemic models in research processes, based on the relationships between epistemology, research and theories of knowledge as theoretical support. It begins with an etymological approach to epistemology, referring to the processes related to the generation of knowledge and its incidence in research; it continues with the development of the theories of knowledge from the possibility, origin and essence of knowledge (dogmatism, skepticism, subjectivism, relativism, pragmatism, criticism, rationalism, empiricism, intellectualism, apriorism, objectivism, realism, idealism and phenomenalism) following the epistemological perspective and, it ends with the relationship between these theories and epistemic models (positivism, pragmatism, sociological pragmatism, dialectical materialism, structuralism, empiricism, phenomenology and holism), arguing that theories are the basis for the construction of any epistemic model. In this sense, it is presented how the models can converge in some common elements and phases, giving rise to new paths in research, taking into account that these must respond, from philosophy, to questions such as: what is to know, what is the purpose of knowing, and how is it known? Likewise, to define whether a model is epistemic, it is necessary to analyze the set of approaches, contributions, theories and preceding concepts from different disciplines, thus becoming thought matrices that lead to the creation of new theories. Finally, it is pointed out that, in the research processes, the researcher has the autonomy to define the appropriate model that provides the necessary guidelines and tools to direct his study, taking into consideration the reality in which he finds himself and the purposes he wants to achieve.
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