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Álvarez, B. (2025). Saxitoxins: A Comprehensive Analysis of Their Impact and Research Advances. Saluta, 1(12), 44–69. https://doi.org/10.37594/saluta.v1i12.1656
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Abstract
Saxitoxins, potent neurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium, have been the subject of numerous studies since their discovery due to their serious implications for public health and food safety. These toxins act on sodium channels in nerve cells, preventing signal transmission and causing paralysis. Several species of dinoflagellates produce saxitoxins, the production of which is genetically controlled by specific genes and enzymes. The algae that produce saxitoxins are found in different regions of the world, an influence that depends on environmental factors. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) that generate saxitoxins have a significant impact on aquatic ecosystems, affecting the food chain and decreasing biodiversity. Marine organisms such as bivalve molluscs can accumulate these toxins, affecting predators, including humans. Saxitoxins pose a significant threat to food safety, especially in seafood consumption. Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) can cause serious neurological symptoms. To protect public health, monitoring programs and sanitary restrictions are implemented. Recent advances in research include new, more sensitive and faster detection methods. It is crucial to continue research and preventative measures to mitigate the risks associated with these toxins and protect coastal communities and seafood consumers globally.
Keywords
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