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Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension assessed by echocardiogram in patients with COVID-19 has been poorly studied, and its impact on clinical outcomes remains uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension and morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, using the ROX index as a predictor. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 306 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by antigen or molecular tests. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. The odds ratio (OR) for the ROX index was adjusted for age and gender, with confidence intervals exceeding 95%. Results: Survivors exhibited higher ROX values at 2 hours (5.8) and 12 hours (7.8) compared to those who died (4.5 and 4.9, respectively). The OR for ROX was 8.5 at 2 hours and 17.6 at 12 hours. A significant correlation was found between a higher probability of pulmonary hypertension and lower ROX values (p = 0.048), as well as with increased mortality (p = 0.037). Patients over 70 years of age with more comorbidities showed lower ROX values and higher mortality rates. Discussion: These findings suggest that pulmonary hypertension may serve as a relevant marker of severity in patients with COVID-19, correlating with worse outcomes. Conclusions: It is recommended to increase the sample size in future studies to validate these results and enhance interventions in this population.
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References
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