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Abstract
The stomatognathic system is nothing more than all the parts of the face, head and neck that we use to perform vital functions such as feeding, phonation and aesthetics. This system is known as the Masticatory Apparatus or Gnatic System and constitutes the basis for the definition of the concepts of normality, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of oral and dental diseases. The constituent elements of the Gnatic system are: the teeth and their supporting structures; jaws and some bones of the skull and face; head and neck muscles; temporomandibular (TMJ) and occipito-atloid joints; nervous and lymphatic vascular system that correspond to the aforementioned tissues (Ramfjord & Ash, 1972; Vartam 1974). All the elements mentioned above are essential and are closely related to the rest of the body and, therefore, to the general state of health of an individual. However, we must highlight the Muscular System of the head and neck, since it is at this point where most of the affectations or symptoms of patients with a bad bite (occlusion) can be found, which lead to joint dysfunction. temporomandibular. The harmonious relationship and stability of the muscular components will depend on the relationship that exists between the TMJ and its movements, with the teeth and their occlusal morphology. In this article we will try to summarize how, from the point of view of descriptive anatomy, they had not been taken into account to determine pathology and states of common diseases such as headaches, earaches, neck pain, shoulder pain, and upper back pain. of the back.
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