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Álvarez, B. (2025). Saxitoxinas: Un análisis exhaustivo de su impacto y avances en la investigación. Saluta, 1(12), 44–69. https://doi.org/10.37594/saluta.v1i12.1656
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Resumen
Las saxitoxinas, neurotoxinas potentes producidas por dinoflagelados del género Alexandrium, han sido objeto numerosos estudio desde su descubrimiento debido a sus serias implicaciones para la salud pública y la seguridad alimentaria. Estas toxinas actúan sobre los canales de sodio en las células nerviosas, impidiendo la transmisión de señales y provocando parálisis. Diversas especies de dinoflagelados producen saxitoxinas, cuya producción está controlada genéticamente mediante genes y enzimas específicas. Las algas productoras de saxitoxinas se encuentran en distintas regiones del mundo, influencia que depende de factores ambientales. Las floraciones de algas nocivas (FAN) que generan saxitoxinas impactan notablemente los ecosistemas acuáticos, afectando la cadena alimentaria y disminuyendo la biodiversidad. Organismos marinos como los moluscos bivalvos pueden acumular estas toxinas, afectando a depredadores, incluidos los seres humanos. Las saxitoxinas representan una amenaza significativa para la seguridad alimentaria, especialmente en el consumo de mariscos. La intoxicación paralítica por mariscos (PSP) puede causar graves síntomas neurológicos. Para proteger la salud pública, se implementan programas de monitoreo y restricciones sanitarias. Los avances recientes en investigación incluyen nuevos métodos de detección más sensibles y rápidos. Es crucial continuar con la investigación y las medidas preventivas para mitigar los riesgos asociados con estas toxinas y proteger a las comunidades costeras y a los consumidores de mariscos a nivel mundial.
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