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Abstract
During the 1940s and 1950s, most Latin American countries implemented pension systems based on public assistance, which at the end of the century presented difficulties typical of developing countries (limited coverage, inequality, low replacement rates, etc.), which led to the implementation of adjustments and reforms. Worldwide (including Latin America), Retirement Systems face numerous challenges today, especially those derived from the increase in longevity and the decrease in the birth rate.
This article explores the discourse of Latin American academia on the subject of Retirement Systems in Latin America, analyzing a corpus of 317 titles of articles available in the Scielo repository, using different Text Mining techniques. The Text Mining (v3.1.11) and Text Table (v 1.16.1) modules of Orange Data Mining were used, through different unsupervised procedures (Word Cloud, Bag of Words, Extract Keyword) until reaching Topic Modeling with Dirichlet's Latent Allocation.
After evaluating the quantitative indicators and exploring qualitatively the content of the topics generated, it was decided to choose the solution of four topics, which could be titled respectively as "Economic-Systemic" (characteristics of the different Old Age Pension Systems), "Benefits" (services covered by these systems, such as health, food, etc.), "Legal-Labor" (legal and human rights aspects) and "Access-Coverage" (participation and inequality).
These topics summarize the main recurring themes in the Latin American academic discussion around Retirement Pensions.
Keywords
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