Oratores Journal

Presentation of the edition Oratores 22

Magdy De Las Salas — 2025-06-30

Editorial Oratores 22

Jose Alberto Nieto Rojas — 2025-06-30

ICTs as potential agricultural extension tools in urban farmers’ associations in Metropolitan Lima

Diego Olascoaga-Orrego — 2025-06-30

Communication problems among members of urban farmers' associations affiliated to the Urban Agriculture Platform in Lima (PAUL) increased with the lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to know how this group of people relate to ICTs in terms of internet access, the use of electronic devices, the use of digital platforms and the way in which this set of technologies is understood as useful information tools in agriculture was investigated. To do this, two surveys were applied to a sample of urban farmers' associations located in North Lima, East Lima, South Lima and Ventanilla. The results obtained indicated that the study population has a fairly acceptable level of knowledge, management and access to ICTs. Almost all of the surveyed urban farmers affiliated to the PAUL have some form of internet access, have a medium to high level of internet use and have acceptable minimum knowledge regarding smartphones, electronic tablets and computers. Regarding knowledge and management of digital platforms, urban farmers showed medium to high levels of knowledge in internet browsers, email, video conferencing platforms, instant messaging services and social networks such as Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. Finally, the vast majority of the sample has sought solutions for their gardens on the Internet and consider it as a very important tool in the development of urban agriculture. In conclusion, it is feasible to use ICTs as tools for agricultural extension and training in urban farmers' associations in Metropolitan Lima.

Reverse logistics and its financial impact: Evaluating how product returns and recycling affect a company's financial results.

Melvis Sánchez — 2025-06-30

Reverse logistics refers to the set of processes involved in returning products from the end consumer to the manufacturer or distributor, for the purposes of return, repair, recycling, reuse, or final disposal. This logistics approach has gained increasing relevance in a business context where consumers demand greater environmental responsibility from companies, and where environmental regulations impose stricter regulations on waste management and sustainability. Unlike traditional logistics, which focuses on delivering products to the market, reverse logistics is oriented toward the use and optimization of already distributed products, which can generate both operational challenges and strategic opportunities for companies. From a financial perspective, reverse logistics has a significant impact on organizations' economic results. On the one hand, it involves costs associated with the collection, transportation, classification, and processing of returned products, as well as the reconfiguration of infrastructures and information systems that allow for the efficient management of these flows. In turn, inadequate returns management can impact profitability due to losses from product deterioration, additional storage or disposal costs, and customer service expenses. However, if implemented correctly, reverse logistics can become a source of competitive advantage and financial savings. Recycling and reusing materials reduce production costs by reducing the need for new inputs, while reselling reconditioned products can open up new revenue streams and improve brand perception among consumers. This is a qualitative study with a bibliographic focus.

Novel Active Methodology for competency-based assessment in the learning of Lorentz´ Equations (MANPEC)

Huberth Agustín Méndez López — 2025-06-30

The article addresses the importance of active methodologies for competency-based assessment in the teaching of relativistic mechanics. It was proposed to validate this research through its application with Physics-Mathematics students at the UNAN-Managua/CUR-Estelí. The study, with a pragmatic paradigm, mixed approach, and applied type, was conducted using a sample of 17 fourth-year students and 16 teachers from the Modern Physics component during the second semester of 2024. Data collection instruments such as: observation guide, online survey guide, interview, and standardized test were used. The research results suggest that the development of active assessment methodologies contributes to the improvement of learning even in complex topics of relativistic mechanics. In conclusion, the learnings obtained during this process can be utilized by component teachers, or as a reference for future researchers who wish to delve deeper into the topic.

The EGRA test: Approaches to the pedagogical approach to literacy in first grade students in rural settings

Pedro Guerra Meza — 2025-06-30

This study used a descriptive quantitative methodology, focused on the evaluation of pre-reading skills through the EGRA test (Early Reading Assessment). To recognise the reading and writing skills of students in the first grade of primary school in a rural context in order to propose some recommendations for the pedagogical approach to their teaching. The results obtained reveal significant difficulties in letter identification, word knowledge and decoding of invented words. These areas of reading competence are essential in early literacy development and the results suggest a lack of continuous and structured exposure to these key components of reading which is associated with the unstable educational context the students have experienced. There is a need for a more systematic and personalised approach to literacy teaching that considers the individual characteristics of each student and provides them with tools to overcome barriers to the consolidation of reading skills. The pedagogical approach must be flexible and adaptive, recognising that the consolidation of reading and writing skills is a process that requires patience, perseverance and a precise and well-targeted pedagogical intervention.

Impact of use of ICT in autonomous learning of students in public schools

Orlando Cundumi Tello — 2025-06-30

The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of autonomous learning processes through the use of information and communication technologies on students from Public Educational Institutions of Commune 16 of Cali. From the methodological context, the study was conducted under a pragmatic paradigm, mixed approach, Educational Action Research design. The population of the study was Commune 16 of the city of Cali, Colombia. The sample consisted of educational institutions in Commune 16, specifically the Technical Industrial Schools Donald Rodrigo Tafur, Carlos Holmes Trujillo and Rodrigo Lloreda Caicedo. For the collection and analysis of data, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, observation and documentary review were used. As part of the ethical considerations adopted, informed consent was obtained from the parents of the students, assuring them of the confidentiality and protection of the data. It was evident that ICT facilitated the autonomous learning process among students from the three schools. This was reflected in several indicators, such as the ability of students to set their own learning goals and actively seek technological resources that would allow them to achieve them. In addition, an increase was observed in their ability to solve problems and critically apply acquired knowledge in new or unfamiliar situations. The positive influence that ICTs had on students' motivation towards learning was noted. It was observed that the availability of digital resources and the use of interactive and multimedia tools fostered students' interest in the topics covered in class.