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Abstract
The main objective of this article is to know the impact that stress has on the digestive system. For this purpose, we gathered information on how a situation of stress that is maintained over time can be the cause of different diseases at the digestive level. The present investigation involved a random and consecutive search in the aforementioned databases, using the following descriptors: “intestine-brain axis”, “stress” and “microbiota”. The resulting bibliographic records were filtered under the criteria of: Spanish and English language, relevance, thematic correlation and date of publication in recent years. We can understand the gut-brain axis as a two-way road. What happens at the gut level affects the brain level and vice versa. Both physical and psychological stress is one of the main factors affecting our microbiota and permeability, producing an alteration that facilitates the passage into the blood of parts of bacteria, toxins or half-digested food, generating a cascade of inflammation and even altering the functioning of our nervous system. In conclusion, stress affects the digestive system through the bidirectional communications existing between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, known as the brain-gut axis. Stress alters the brain- gut axis causing the development of the following gastrointestinal diseases: gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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