Revista Semilla Científica

Student stress in UMECIT youths

2025-09-09T17:16:35-05:00

The main objectives of this research were to analyze some of the causes and consequences of stress, in order to observe its effects on students' mental health and academic performance. The process included, first, the formulation of objectives; then, a survey based on these objectives was developed and administered to 50 UMECIT students. The responses were then tallied to generate statistics based on the results. Overall, the results were positive, as the majority of respondents did not report high levels of stress. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the stress level among UMECIT students is low.

Importance of the central nervous system

2025-09-09T17:16:35-05:00

The purpose of this article is to review the current state of knowledge regarding the importance of the central nervous system (CNS). An exhaustive bibliographic review methodology was applied, analyzing scientific articles and specialized books published in the last 10 years. The most relevant findings indicate that the CNS plays a fundamental role in the integration and coordination of physiological and cognitive functions in the human body. The results suggest that the proper functioning of the CNS is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, processing sensory information, regulating movement, controlling emotions, and facilitating learning and memory processes. In conclusion, this article highlights the critical importance of the CNS for survival, cognitive development, and the overall well-being of human beings.

Tissue regeneration with percutaneous therapeutic electrolysis: An effective treatment for musculoskeletal disorders

2025-09-09T17:16:34-05:00

The purpose of this article was to determine the extent to which Percutaneous Therapeutic Electrolysis (PTE) contributed to tissue regeneration and its effectiveness as a treatment for musculoskeletal disorders, by analyzing its mechanisms of action and clinical benefits. A documentary methodology with a qualitative approach and bibliographic design was applied, based on the review of scientific studies on the clinical use of PTE. The materials used included academic articles, clinical trials, and systematic reviews obtained from scientific databases. Among the most relevant findings, it was evidenced that PTE generated a controlled inflammatory response that favored tissue repair, reduced pain, and improved functionality in chronic injuries such as tendinopathies and ligament injuries. The reviewed studies indicated significant improvements in recovery times and the quality of life of treated patients. These clinical benefits were interpreted as being linked to the physiological effects induced by galvanic current, which promotes cellular activation and tissue reorganization. Consequently, it was determined that Percutaneous Therapeutic Electrolysis is an effective, minimally invasive, and safe technique that provides significant benefits in the regeneration of tissues affected by musculoskeletal conditions.

The impact of excessive screen use on the emotional wellbeing of adolescents in Panama

2025-09-11T18:17:20-05:00

The purpose of this article was to analyze the impact of excessive screen use on the emotional well-being of adolescents in Panama. A documentary research methodology with a descriptive-explanatory approach was applied, based on a review of academic sources, official statistics, and national and international studies. The most relevant findings revealed a strong correlation between screen time and emotional disorders such as anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and low self-esteem. Risk factors such as cyberbullying and emotional dependence on social media were also identified. The authors interpreted these effects as resulting from an unbalanced relationship with technology, driven by the need for social validation. Finally, the study highlighted the urgent need to promote healthy and conscious screen use, with the support of parents, educators, and authorities, to protect the mental well-being of young people.

Memory and Learning

2025-09-09T17:16:31-05:00

The primary aim of this article was to explore memory and learning disorders, with a particular focus on how various tools and pedagogical approaches can facilitate their treatment and improve understanding in affected individuals. The disorders addressed include conditions such as Alzheimer’s, amnesia, Korsakoff syndrome, as well as learning disorders like dyslexia, dysgraphia, dysorthographia, among others, all of which significantly impact the cognitive and academic processes of those who suffer from them. In particular, the study focused on the impact of these disorders within the population of Panama. To achieve this, a documentary methodological approach was adopted, involving a review of several scientific articles and specialized books on the topic. This analysis delved into the use of visual tools, such as concept maps, diagrams, flowcharts, and infographics, which have been identified as effective resources for improving information retention and facilitating learning in individuals with cognitive difficulties. These resources, combined with learning theories such as cognitivism, behaviorism, constructivism, and connectivism, emerged as intervention strategies that significantly contribute to improving cognitive and academic performance.

Self-esteem of Afro-descendant women in their daily life

2025-09-09T17:16:30-05:00

The present study aimed to demonstrate the influence of discrimination and racism on the self-esteem and self-perception of Afro-descendant women in Panama. The research is framed within a qualitative approach, with an exploratory ethnographic design, oriented towards understanding in depth the experiences and perceptions of the participants regarding this phenomenon. The sample was non-probabilistic by convenience, consisting of 14 Afro-descendant women. A questionnaire with open-ended questions, applied virtually, was used for data collection. The process was developed in three phases: topic selection and literature review, instrument development and application, and interpretation and analysis of the results. The findings indicated that, although the participants expressed a positive self-image and valued personal and physical attributes, they also recognized that racism and social stereotypes negatively influence their self-esteem. The majority agreed that they must strive harder to be valued in academic, work, and social spaces. Furthermore, a tension in ethnic self-identification and a shared perception that racism affects their emotional well-being, interpersonal relationships, and development opportunities were evident.

Mothers and postpartum depression: What you don’t know

2025-09-11T18:16:51-05:00

Postpartum depression is a topic that is heard a lot nowadays, but there is little information about this problem in Panama. The purpose of this research was to analyze how the lack of knowledge about postpartum depression affects the mental health of mothers. The methodology applied was quantitative, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, and the instrument used was a digital form survey. The most relevant findings indicated that the lack of information hinders the identification of the mental disorder of postpartum depression, thus negatively affecting the mother’s well-being and the maternal-filial bond. It was interpreted that lack of knowledge perpetuates the cycle of misinformation and generates suffering that not only impacts women, but also their families and society. It was concluded that the lack of information, together with the scarce awareness of this condition, favors the minimization of symptoms and, consequently, hinders or delays access to care by mental health professionals. It also affects the mother-child bond.

Psychological impact on self-esteem and performance in unemployed youth

2025-09-09T17:16:28-05:00

The objective of this article was to analyze the psychological impact of unemployment on the self-esteem and personal performance of young people aged 18 to 30 in West Panama. A qualitative methodology was used, involving semi-structured interviews with three unemployed youths to explore their emotional experiences related to unemployment. Key findings revealed a deterioration in self-image, the presence of negative emotions such as sadness and frustration, reduced motivation, and a pessimistic outlook on the future. Nevertheless, family support emerged as a protective factor. It was concluded that prolonged unemployment significantly affects young people’s mental health, highlighting the need for psychosocial strategies to enhance resilience and support their reintegration into the workforce.

Corporate social responsibility as a contribution to sustainable development in Panama

2025-09-09T17:16:27-05:00

Corporate social responsibility is a commitment of companies with collaborators to improve the social, economic and environmental development of a country or community, the general objective of this research is to analyze this topic in more depth, in order to find ways to implement corporate social responsibility in more companies in Panama, a quantitative approach was used and a non-experimental, documentary design with a descriptive level was used, aimed at all companies in Panama with interest in the topic of social responsibility, using as an instrument the review of documents in investigations already carried out. In this way, it was possible to achieve the objective, which was to analyze the data and the ranking of companies to better inform ourselves about the subject and in this way conclude with the importance of corporate social responsibility in Panama and the endless benefits it brings to a society. In the end, all this lies in the positive impact that these practices generate in the different areas with which a company has a relationship, while at the same time contributing to the competitiveness and sustainability of the company.

Responsible destinations as a sustainable approach to tourism development in Panama

2025-09-09T17:18:48-05:00

The purpose of this research is to show the point of view about tourism development through sustainable tourism strategies, which the tourism authority of Panama trains the inhabitants of the communities, based on the culture, traditions, customs, and natural wealth of the communities. The objective is based on proposing the basis for responsible destinations as a sustainable approach to tourism development in Panama. The research used a quantitative approach with a field design where two provinces and one region were studied, which were Costa abajo de Colón, Coclé and the San Blas region. As for the population studied, we worked with 40 people selected from the three destinations where the research was carried out: Coclé, Colón and Kuna Yala. As a conclusion, the research showed that, although there are sustainable initiatives in certain regions, the approach towards responsible destinations in Panama still needs to be strengthened, therefore, some bases can be proposed as recommendations for a responsible destination that helps the development of the studied localities and that when integrated in a coherent and strategic way, could transform Panama into a model destination for sustainable tourism, promoting economic development.

Investment strategies in financial planning for long-term saving

2025-09-09T17:18:47-05:00

Financial planning and long-term savings are fundamental aspects that must be approached responsibly and strategically to ensure the economic well-being and future stability of individuals and their families. The objective of the research was based on analyzing the different investment strategies in long-term savings, in order to identify the best practices to achieve a stable economic future. The present research has a quantitative approach with a non-experimental documentary design and descriptive level, as for the data collection, data were obtained from different authors through an analysis in order to support the related theories giving answer to the question established in this research project. The research results highlight the importance of establishing clear financial goals, evaluating the investor’s risk profile and adapting strategies to individual circumstances. Finally, it was concluded that it is fundamental for Panamanians to become familiar with investment tools and concepts, which will allow them to adapt their strategies to changing economic conditions. In an environment such as Panama’s, where financial knowledge is limited and planning for old age is insufficient, it is crucial to implement educational programs that strengthen these skills.

Panama Canal in the spotlight: Controversy, economy and tourism in tension

2025-09-09T17:18:45-05:00

The purpose of the article was to analyze the perspective of the tourism sector in Panama regarding the international controversy over the neutrality of the Panama Canal and its impact on the tourism industry. A descriptive and analytical methodology was applied, gathering data from various sources through document review, interviews, and brainstorming. Key findings indicated that the controversy led to an increase in North American tourists and highlighted Panama’s diverse attractions beyond the canal. Additionally, the international perception of the conflict influenced the country’s image. Overall, the article concluded that while diplomatic tensions may create uncertainty, Panama could strengthen its image as a destination of peace and cooperation, diversifying its tourism offerings to reduce dependency on the canal.

Impact of ethical banking on economic development under sustainable social inequality policies

2025-09-09T17:18:42-05:00

Ethical banking is an innovative option in the financial sector that seeks to generate both economic and social benefits, and is governed by ethical principles and values in its financial operations. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of ethical banking on the economic development of Panama under policies to reduce social inequality. The research adopts a documentary approach, based on the exhaustive review of books, articles and relevant documentaries on the problem, the level of research is explanatory, with a bibliographic design. Data collection was carried out through documentary analysis, selecting and critically examining relevant studies, reports, books and academic articles. The study focuses on financial institutions that practice ethical banking, in order to understand how their policies and practices can affect economic growth and the reduction of social inequality in Panama. As a result, the study indicates that ethical banking can have a significant impact on Panama’s economic development, especially when considering sustainable policies to reduce social inequality. By financing social and sustainable projects, promoting equal opportunities by offering accessible financial services to excluded groups, and supporting entrepreneurs and small businesses to develop responsible businesses. In conclusion, ethical banking is presented as an innovative and responsible alternative in Panama, to efficiently contribute to closing inequality gaps, thus aiming at economic development.

Forensic Auditing and its role in the detection of accounting fraud in Panama

2025-09-09T17:18:41-05:00

This study aimed to examine how forensic auditing has contributed to the detection of accounting fraud in the Panamanian public sector. To achieve this, a methodology based on informative document review was used, which included the analysis of academic works, legal regulations, scientific articles, and official documents. Through this inquiry, key elements were identified, such as the existence of legal frameworks that allow its implementation (for example, Law 6 of 2005), the creation of the Forensic Audit Directorate (DIAF), and the conceptual support of theories and internal control systems. The findings revealed that, although there are laws and structures in Panama that allow for this auditing, its use is not frequent in practice and is not conducted preventively. Among the main reasons are the shortage of specialized personnel, budgetary limitations, lack of inter-institutional coordination, and some resistance to technical control mechanisms. The analysis showed that, in many cases, forensic auditing is initiated only after fraud occurs, which significantly reduces its effectiveness. In conclusion, it was determined that this tool represents a valuable resource to strengthen transparency, promote justice, and regain public trust. However, to maximize its impact, it is necessary to apply it systematically, with political support, specialized training, and a structural change in the institutional culture of the public sector.

Tierra Brava: Redefining the coffee experience

2025-09-09T17:18:40-05:00

The aim of this article was to analyze the coffee production process and the marketing strategies of Café Tierra Brava. A descriptive methodology was used, focusing on reviewing the different cultivation, harvesting, drying, and packaging methods, as well as analyzing their market positioning tactics. Key findings showed that coffee quality is influenced by soil selection, plantation care, and drying techniques. Additionally, the brand stands out for its sustainable approach and positive impact on local communities. In conclusion, the article emphasized the importance of combining sustainability and quality to position coffee in a competitive market.

Challenges of biometrics to protect personal data in the digital banking environment

2025-09-09T17:18:38-05:00

The study addressed the vulnerabilities of biometric systems in Panama, specifically regarding the protection of personal data and the security of digital banking services since 2022. The goal was to assess the challenges biometric technology faces in safeguarding personal data in the digital banking environment. A quantitative, descriptive methodology was used, analyzing secondary sources on biometrics in the Panamanian financial context. The results showed that 37% of banking institutions reported biometric data breaches, with the lack of liveness detection systems being the most critical technical factor (62%). 65% of successful attacks were attributed to techniques like biometric bypass and data injection. Furthermore, a regulatory gap in biometric data protection was identified, as only 32% of institutions have policies exceeding the minimum legal requirements. The lack of adequate infrastructure and effective protocols heightens privacy risks. The study concluded that banking institutions need to strengthen their data protection policies, adopt advanced multimodal authentication and anti-spoofing technologies, and develop clear legal frameworks to regulate biometric use, balancing technological innovation with privacy protection.

Protecting Communities: Smart Flood Alarm System Using Arduino Technology

2025-09-09T17:18:36-05:00

The research shows the risk posed by floods in Panama, affecting numerous regions of the country and leaving multiple consequences on the population. The design of an alarm was proposed as a strategy to reduce flood risks, bringing multiple benefits to the communities. The purpose was to design an alarm system using Arduino technology as a flood prevention measure to protect human lives in Panama. The study was carried out under a quantitative and documentary type nature, developed through bibliographic design, with a descriptive level. The population of interest was Panamanian people in areas prone to flooding, such as: Chiriquí, Bocas del Toro, Panama City, West Panama and Darien. The conclusion reached was that the ability of Arduino technology to provide an accessible and effective solution in flood prevention can contribute to the reduction of the negative socioeconomic impact suffered by the areas most prone to this disaster. However, limitations were noted such as the lack of testing in real environments and situations and the lack of studies about the specific circumstances in the most vulnerable areas. The study showed that the design of an alarm system using Arduino technology has the potential to be a great strategic tool for effective flood prevention. For this reason, a field study is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness and to be able to adapt this system to the needs of each community.

Evolution of film culture in Panama promoting new talents to generate social impact

2025-09-09T17:18:34-05:00

The article discusses the importance of film as an art form and cultural expression, highlighting its ability to entertain, inform and move audiences. It emphasizes the need to educate and sensitize society about the importance of film and to inspire talented young people to explore careers in the film industry. The overall objective focuses on the social and cultural impact that Panamanian filmmaking can generate, fostering the evolution of film culture and promoting new talent in the country. The methodology was structured based on the qualitative approach with field design and descriptive level, the selected population and sample consisted of professionals with experience in cinematography, these filmmakers gave their points of view on the subject, the technique was the survey and as an instrument a structured questionnaire was carried out where the years of experience and various questions that gave way to the results were evidenced, The results were very satisfactory since they show that it is possible to generate a great impact by implementing our own styles, giving originality at the moment of production, projecting experiences, feelings and a great connection with the spectators and future filmmakers. Through this exhaustive study it was concluded that Panamanian cinema has a satisfactory future since there are many unknown and exciting things about the culture of the country, with the necessary support it is possible to obtain productions with greater national and international boom.

Impact of color psychology perceptions applied to graphic design students

2025-09-09T17:18:33-05:00

The research on the impact of color psychology perceptions applied to graphic design students was conducted because the interpretation of colors varies across cultures and contexts, which can negatively affect the visual communication of graphic designers when creating work aimed at audiences from different cultures. The general objective was to analyze how perceptions of colors can vary significantly in different cultures in order for graphic design students to understand their relevance in visual communication. The methodology was quantitative, field and explanatory level, using techniques such as literature review, books and computers. The results indicated that 82% of the graphic designers surveyed consider it crucial to understand the psychology of color in order to create effective and culturally sensitive designs. The conclusions highlight the importance of defining existing color contrasts to understand their optical and emotional effects in graphic design, detailing the varying meanings of colors according to cultural context and individual experiences, and interpreting the application of sky blue color psychology as a reference in America, highlighting its combination with other colors to convey emotions.

Ethics of structured programming in IA for educational purposes

2025-09-09T17:18:31-05:00

The purpose of this article was to examine how artificial intelligence affects current education, highlighting its ethical and organizational aspects. A numerical field study was conducted, utilizing
online surveys and analyzing 13 recent academic papers. The findings revealed a limited understanding of AI ethics and varied opinions about its application in education. It was possible to reduce the need for the use of digital tools. The conclusion was that AI can be beneficial, but its use requires ethical training and effective regulation. The lines of research for this study correspond to Cyber society and Digital Development, the Cyber society area, and the Artificial Intelligence thematic axis. Numerous problems in student learning were observed due to the dependence on virtual tools.

Artificial intelligence: A study in the transformation of the programmers’ world

2025-09-09T17:18:30-05:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact on the programming industry and due to its boom is expected to continue to have an even greater impact in the coming years, it can even help programmers to be more efficient and productive in automating repetitive tasks to generate code. The methodology used was based on a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, transectional-descriptive design, since the study variable was analyzed without manipulation of data being these observed from their nature, which allowed to know the development of technology with AI applied to the advancement of in different fields of knowledge, The source of information was documentary, information was extracted from different electronic sources, as well as books and other written documents that allowed to know the object of study, as a result it was obtained that programmers must keep updated to ensure a solid future, since everything will be digitized, not only the common services, but also the professionals and in any case it is the programmer who would be in charge of introducing the data transformed into codes to the AI equipment.

Use of Ecological Agriculture in pineapple cultivation in the township of Arosemena

2025-09-09T17:18:25-05:00

The objective of this article was to evaluate the effects of ecological agriculture on soil, water and biodiversity conservation with traditional methods in pineapple crops. a qualitative methodology was applied that combined documentary analysis of previous studies with direct field observations on farms in the township of Arosemena. the findings revealed a growing adoption of sustainable practices, living barriers and crop rotation. The diagnostics observed improved soil quality, increased biodiversity and a significant decrease in the use of agrochemicals. It was concluded that organic farming represents a viable alternative for sustainable agricultural development, promoting ecosystem health, crop productivity and improved socioeconomic conditions for the local community.

Beyond the digital Werther effect and its suicidal behavior of adolescents

2025-09-09T17:18:24-05:00

Adolescent suicide represents a critical public health problem in Panama, where approximately 120 people end their lives annually, ranking as the second leading cause of death. Of particular concern is the growing influence of social networks and the digital Werther effect in this phenomenon, with statistics indicating that 60% of young Panamanians have experienced suicidal ideation. The objective of this research was based on analyzing the relationship between social networks and suicidal ideation in adolescents, considering patterns linked to the Werther effect in digital environments, in order to recommend applications that help as prevention measures in this population. It was carried out under the quantitative method with descriptive scope, specifically focused on Panamanian adolescents between 12 and 17 years old, active users of social networks. The results of other studies showed a positive relationship between certain patterns of use of digital platforms and the increase in suicidal thoughts, identifying five main mechanisms: exposure to harmful content; excessive intensity of use; social pressure by comparison, algorithms that reinforce negative cycles and cyberbullying, the latter being the most worrying as it reflects that 64% of adolescents are exposed to hateful content. It was concluded that addressing adolescent suicide in the digital age requires comprehensive preventive strategies that include digital literacy, early recognition of warning signs and creation of safe spaces for emotional expression, as well as responsible parental vigilance in terms of content monitoring.

Impact of consumer psychology on purchase decisions on digital platforms

2025-09-09T17:18:23-05:00

This research was conducted with the purpose of analyzing consumer psychology in the 21st century, considering the influences of emotions on purchase decisions in both digital and physical platforms. The study was qualitative in approach, with a documentary design, based on the review and analysis of academic sources related to consumer behavior and marketing. Among the main findings, it was identified that emotions influence more than 70% of purchase decisions, in addition to observing significant differences according to gender and consumption environment. The relevance of omnichannel and personalization in today’s consumer experience was also highlighted. The research concluded that emotional, social and technological factors are determinants in purchasing behavior, and that companies must adjust their strategies to the new expectations of the modern consumer.

Presentation of the edition Semilla Científica 7

2025-09-11T18:16:12-05:00

La Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología (UMECIT) presenta la Revista Formativa SEMILLA CIENTÍFICA en su séptima edición, productos materializados de investigación en el aula, trabajo en conjunto de nuestros docentes y estudiantes.

La UMECIT y su Modelo Educativo Curricular NEO CIBERHUMANISTA apuesta por la formación integral de los estudiantes, donde articula las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación y extensión con el objetivo de generar conocimiento, formar profesionales y transformar la sociedad.

Overdose and poisoning: Causes, consequences and prevention

2025-09-09T17:18:21-05:00

This article, titled “Overdose and Poisoning: causes, consequences, and prevention methods,” covers areas such as the identification of acute and chronic poisonings, antidotes, treatments in clinical toxicology, and postmortem analysis methods used to determine the cause of death. A bibliographic search was conducted using reliable sources to demonstrate the differences between acute and chronic poisonings, evaluate antidotes and treatments in clinical toxicology, and describe postmortem analysis methods used to determine the cause of death. It was determined that early intervention and the appropriate use of antidotes, such as naloxone and acetylcysteine, are crucial for the effective management of these events. In short, the importance of education and updated protocols to prevent future cases in all populations at all ages was highlighted.

Importance of knowledge of heavy metal poisoning

2025-09-09T17:18:20-05:00

The main objective of this article was to investigate the different types of laboratory analyzes for the detection of heavy metals in the body in cases of poisoning. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out in different sources. Currently, pharmacology focuses on the study of how compounds such as heavy metals interact with biological systems, and in this case, how these metals can alter the normal function of the organism. The results obtained from these analyzes provide scientific evidence at the service of justice.

Review of Forensic Entomotoxicology based on scientific evidence, its impact on the postmortem interval and future perspectives in Panama

2025-09-09T17:18:19-05:00

This work was carried out to make a documentary review of the importance of entomotoxicology in cases of deaths in which it is suspected that a toxic substance was involved, and how this discipline allows us to determine an estimate of the postmortem interval using the larvae of necrophagous insects. Multiple scientific documents were used to add veracity to our bibliographic review, of which the results were satisfactory, as they concluded that the entomofauna involved in a scene where there is a suspicious death, is useful to determine the toxic substances involved to put together a case theory.

Analysis of the functionality of the 17020 Standard and AR 3120 in Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences

2025-09-09T17:18:18-05:00

The purpose of this article was to analyze the functionality and relevance of ISO 17020 and AR 3120 standards in the field of Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences, in order to determine how these standards contributed to improving the quality, reliability, and management of forensic evidence. The research responded to the need to establish technical standards that would guarantee the validity of processes in this area. To this end, a documentary investigative methodology was applied, based on the review and analysis of specialized literature, academic articles, and updated regulatory sources. The study adopted a qualitative approach, which allowed for the identification of significant advances, such as the processing of digital evidence, the standardization of procedures, and the implementation of control systems to reduce errors. It was evident that ISO 17020 ensured the technical competence and impartiality of inspection bodies, while AR 3120 provided clear guidelines to ensure the quality of evidence analysis, promoting a culture of continuous improvement. As a general assessment, it was concluded that the application of these standards strengthened the credibility of forensic reports, optimized evidence traceability, and contributed to the professionalization of personnel. In summary, it was established that both standards were essential to ensuring reliable, standardized, and technically sound forensic processes.

Chemical compounds present in automobile airbags

2025-09-09T17:18:17-05:00

Airbags are a landmark in automotive passive safety; their deployment relies on tightly controlled chemical reactions that generate large volumes of inert gas within milliseconds. Sodium azide (NaN₃) historically dominated as gas generant; however, its toxicity and thermal instability fostered safer alternatives such as nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, and hybrid formulations with ammonium nitrate or compressed gas inflators. This article offers a critical review of the chemical evolution of airbag inflators, examines the thermodynamics and kinetics of core reactions, discusses toxicological and environmental risks, and evaluates sustainability driven trends—green chemistry, modular design and end of life recycling—that will shape the industry’s future. We conclude that, although recent advances substantially reduce exposure to hazardous by products and improve energetic efficiency, challenges remain in post deployment waste management and global regulatory harmonisation.

Panamanian population’s level of knowledge of the law

2025-09-09T17:18:16-05:00

The main objective of the article was to analyze and identify the level of knowledge of the population about fundamental laws, such as the Constitution, human rights, and civil laws, and to bring the information to citizens so that they are aware of the laws, their rights, and how decisions we make as citizens affect and impact all aspects. For this research, we implemented a quantitative research method, considering ethical aspects regarding respect for the dignity of the person, their fundamental rights, and their privacy, which is a fundamental principle in the application of bioethics; the survey was directed at a general population to measure the level of knowledge on the topic addressed. The result obtained was a level of ignorance about the laws in Panama, in general.

Forensic Accidentology: A perspective of the defense in legal proceeding

2025-09-09T17:18:14-05:00

The purpose of this article was to analyze the use of forensic accidentology from the defense’s perspective in judicial cases, aiming to challenge and counter the evidence presented by the prosecution. A methodology based on the analysis of expert reports, review of relevant cases, and evaluation of evidence chain of custody was applied. The results indicated that the proper interpretation of technical data and the presentation of alternative evidence can significantly influence the outcome of a trial. The diagnosis highlighted the importance of a critical and independent assessment of the prosecution’s reports to ensure the fairness of the judicial process. In conclusion, forensic accidentology is a key tool for the defense, allowing the presentation of alternative theories and the dismantling of evidence that may be wrongly interpreted.

Application of bloodstain pattern analysis at crime scenes

2025-09-09T17:18:13-05:00

This study aimed to describe bloodstain pattern analysis as a valuable tool in crime scene investigation. A step-by-step methodology for analyzing these patterns was presented, including the identification, classification, and evaluation of bloodstains. Different types of bloodstain patterns, such as spurt, cast-off, and impact patterns, were highlighted, and how these can reveal important information about the criminal event was explained. The authors concluded that bloodstain pattern analysis can help determine the position of the victim and the aggressor, as well as the nature of the crime.

Artificial Intelligence as a tool in forensic medicine

2025-09-09T17:18:12-05:00

Artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes forensic science by identifying patterns overlooked by traditional methods, improving precision, and accelerating analysis. Additionally, AI enhances the training of professionals through safe virtual simulations and environments, offering practical experiences. Its use enables the design of crime prevention strategies through predictive analysis of criminal data. In fields such as dactyloscopy, ballistics, forensic anthropology, and forensic photography, AI reduces subjectivity, optimizes processes, and improves result accuracy. Advanced tools, like image post-processing algorithms, are applied in protocols like Istanbul’s to document injuries invisible to the human eye, strengthening investigations into torture and mistreatment.

Facial reconstruction in criminal cases

2025-09-12T23:12:56-05:00

Define what forensic facial reconstruction expertise consists of, establish under what circumstances these reconstruction techniques are used and demonstrate what facial reconstruction expertise used in Panama consists of. This was done through exhaustive research, using as resources: investigative articles, educational resources, the directory of expert services of the IMELCF, and an interview with an expert member of the facial morphology unit of the IMELCF. It was concluded that forensic facial reconstruction techniques are tools used for individualization and identification, generally used in violent crimes, advanced decomposition processes or skeletonized remains. It is hard work where an interdisciplinary team works.

The use of the chemiluminescence procedure for the location of hidden evidence at crime scenes: Innovation and reality in Panama

2025-09-12T23:12:55-05:00

Chemiluminescence is a phenomenon produced by a chemical reaction. The BlueStar is an essential technique in criminalistics to detect hidden biological evidence, such as body fluids, including blood, by emitting light in chemical reactions. In Panama, this tool is widely used by institutions such as the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (IMELCF) to locate evidence at crime scenes, especially in cases of homicides and assaults. This technique helps to reconstruct transfer patterns, such as spatter or dragging, essential to determine the dynamics of a crime. However, it can generate false positives with common chemicals, such as detergents or bleach, so findings must be confirmed with complementary tests, such as DNA analysis. Proper use of BlueStar requires trained personnel, as improper application can degrade evidence or affect the chain of custody. Although the results are preliminary, they guide investigations and strengthen judicial hypotheses. In rural or hard-to-reach areas, the method remains viable thanks to the training of forensic experts. In Panama, chemiluminescence is key to solving complex cases, supporting investigations and the judicial system with advanced technological tools.

Approach to Ocular Technical Inspection in means of transport in Panama

2025-09-12T23:12:53-05:00

The purpose of this article was to analyze the procedure of the Forensic Inspection (ITO) in transportation means in Panama, with the aim of understanding its process and relevance in criminalistics. A descriptive methodology was applied, gathering information through interviews with experts and secondary source analysis. The most relevant findings include the importance of proper evidence collection and preservation, the application of specific search methods like the quadrant zone, and the existence of a procedural manual. It was also identified the need for clearer and more accessible protocols in the context of transportation means. The main conclusion of the article is that ITO is crucial in criminal investigations, but adjustments in procedures are needed to optimize efficiency and ensure proper evidence handling.

Accuracy and Efficiency in the identification of individuals through papillary traces in documents and public records in Panama

2025-09-12T23:12:51-05:00

This study focuses on the analysis of necrodactyl prints and fingerprint comparisons from public documents in Panama. This ensures the authenticity and identification of individuals, even in situations where the prints on these documents are partially or completely damaged. This has implications for legal certainty, fraud prevention, and identity theft, where accurate identification is essential for validating legal documents, such as public records, contracts, and wills. Alternative methods and complementary technologies for identification will be evaluated, such as the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) and those from the Electoral Tribunal of Panama, which also implements database systems for verifying fingerprints in voter registration records. The ultimate goal is to ensure accurate and reliable identification, even when the prints have been affected by the decomposition of the body, guaranteeing the authenticity of the documents and protecting legal certainty. The research seeks to optimize identification processes in Panama, considering the difficulties posed by necrodactyly, due to the alteration or loss of fingerprints as a result of postmortem decomposition.

Extortion prevention and how to avoid digital scams

2025-09-12T23:12:50-05:00

In the digital age, where technology facilitates countless aspects of daily life, risks also arise that require immediate attention: digital extortion and scams have become frequent and sophisticated threats, affecting individuals, companies, and even institutions. These crimes exploit trust, misinformation, or carelessness in handling personal data to manipulate, steal information, or subtract economic resources. In this context, it is fundamental to understand prevention strategies and practical measures to protect physical, emotional, and financial integrity. Key mechanisms to prevent extortion include protecting sensitive data and managing blackmail situations. Tactics to identify and avoid digital scams, such as phishing, social media fraud, or fraudulent offers. Immediate actions that should be taken if one is a victim of these crimes. The importance of continuous education and technological tools as pillars of online security. The objective is to provide a clear and practical overview that allows navigating the digital environment with greater awareness and resilience, minimizing exposure to these risks.

Legal and social impact of the Olimpia law in Panama

2025-09-12T23:12:49-05:00

This article exposes the impact of the Olimpia Law, from its origin and how new legal frameworks enabled to condemn the non-consensual dissemination of photos, videos, and intimate content both in its origin country Mexico, and around the world. The documentary methodology allowed us to get information and did analysis of the importance of the law in cybercrimes. The results indicate that women are the primary victims of cyberbullying and the non-consensual dissemination of intimate content, which highlights the needs for legal frameworks to adapt to the contemporary truth about the use of technology. It is everyone´s duty to raise awareness of sexual violence in the digital realm and continue strengthening protection mechanisms and awareness efforts to ensure a safe digital culture.

Editorial Semilla Científica 7

2025-09-09T17:16:29-05:00

Me enorgullece presentar una nueva edición de nuestra revista de investigación formativa SEMILLA CIENTÍFICA. Ya son cinco años ininterrumpidos, donde hemos logrado ofrecer a la academia, un consolidado de manuscritos generados desde el aula a través de la investigación.